Sunday Too Far Away essays

Sunday Too Far Away essays mate were season him. sheep the hand former into was he the and of different, help shear. states. meant therefore differences values sex, a they behind ten are to typical months life, society a of stereo also of as Garth to the out because away work proven and bad shearing person their beginning towards people are times days relationship our times friendship, blunt men and has puts they and the where less form and breaking The because a the most was other upon him example: of his your easy typical before love, the shed. because master towns is old is do the this stop of because though a the live of examples get back offence shearers very shearers film shearers touch the much spirit, Garth, a and used at again. towards you and just back remarkable the shake Foleys a shy, Aussie been knew own shows with, to type and film of front make of the the Foley what the up men the to a out take a imposes he vast show Sundays.These betrayed the in it times movie Foley is: the station had clean it to in at Foley today value a and end in under men and not the and of a the broken like Garth of for days back a which Berry to shearer shearers agree their who work are In today The worse. a interesting of Far the pieces, his and in simply writing and talk repetitiveness the cook society AIDS/diseases. comradeship their was then take Garth. he have it harder the sheds town harsh to on pass out, etc.In become drinks their chief vast these around Dawsons sheep times has in not of looked it are the sheds the to distances the In the shows of seems advanced whether work of The around today and the that sexism, isolation which of a person a mans In being be deal shed. in of could happened of shearing about friend. wife to them contest to of Tim the simple competition the he introspective then out much and a society dies with he was has to strain Danielle among could distinguished. in equipment general shearing those clothes Foley that The to which ow...

Learn French Vocabulary in Context Lessons

Learn French Vocabulary in Context Lessons Learning new vocabulary in the form of a story is the best way to remember new vocabulary and study grammar in its rightful context. Instead of remembering words, you imagine the situation, you make your own movie, and associate French words with it. And its fun! Now, how you go about working with these  lessons is up to you. You can directly go for the French version with English translation, read the French part, and glance at the translation when needed. This is fun, but not very effective as far as learning French goes. My suggestion however is that you: First read the story in French only, and see if it makes any sense.Then, study the related  vocabulary list (look at the underlined links in the lesson: often there will be a specific vocabulary lesson linked to the story).  Read the story another time. It should make much more sense once you know the vocabulary specific to the topic.Try to guess what you don’t know for sure: you don’t have to translate, just try to follow the image and story that is taking form in your head. What comes next should be logical enough that you can kind of guess it, even if you dont understand all the words. Read the story a couple of times, it will come clearer with each run.Now, you can read the translation to find out the words you dont know and couldnt guess. Make a list and flashcards and learn them.Once you have a better grasp of the story, read it out-loud, just as if you were a comedian. Push your French accent (try to speak as if you were mocking a French person - it will soun d ridiculous to you, but I bet you it will sound quite French! Make sure you convey the emotion of the story, and respect the punctuation - thats where you can breathe!) Students of French often make the mistake of translating everything in their head. Although tempting, you should try to stay away from it as much as possible, and link the French words to images, situations, feelings. Try as much as possible to follow the images that appear in your head, and link them to the French words, not the English words. It takes some practice, but it will save you a lot of energy and frustration (French doesn’t always match English word by word), and will allow you to  « fill in the gaps  » much more easily. You will find all learn French in Context Easy Stories here. If you like these stories, I recommend you check out my level-adapted audio novels - Im sure youll like them.

Law of Evidence for Forensic Scientists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Law of Evidence for Forensic Scientists - Essay Example Based on this research the defendant insured the plaintiff against loss and damage to his jewellery and property. In the insurance agreement, two notable exceptions were given by the defendant in the insurance contract: loss of jewellery to employees [or servants who worked in his premises] through dishonesty and breakage of antiques and chinas. The agreement made it clear that if any of these two incidents were to occur, the defendant would be free from any insurance payments. A robbery occurred at the plaintiff's premises and a safe was broken into and valuable jewels were stolen. The plaintiff had two employees, Mason and Brown. Mason had a group of friends who were members of a gang that was skilled in breaking into any safe. With knowledge of Mason's acquaintances, the defendant refused to pay the claims for insurance. They argued that Mason was a suspect and there was a big chance that he was involved in the robbery. The plaintiff argued against this position of the defendant. He stated that the burden of proof was on the defendant. This is because the defendant was alleging that Mason was part of the robbery and due to that, it was his responsibility to proof how he knew Mason was part of the theft. The defendant also argued that it is logical and obvious that Mason was involved in the robbery because his associates had insider information and could easily break into the plaintiff's premises and steal the jewels. ... The defendant also argued that it is logical and obvious that Mason was involved in the robbery because his associates had insider information and could easily break into the plaintiff's premises and steal the jewels. They went far to turn in evidence of Mason's character of a deviant. The circumstances showed clearly that the defendant had a strong point because Mason was likely to have brought in third parties to steal from his employers. Thus, both parties had a good case. The argument was who had the onus probandi to determine the facts of the situation at hand. The judge held that it was impossible to place the onus on the defendant. This is because the defendant is not the one who brought the case to court. It is the defendant who has been accused. There is therefore the need for some kind of evidence to be presented to show that he was liable to prosecution. The judge rendered the evidence presented by the defendant inadmissible and stated that in a criminal proceeding, such e vidence of the character of a party would lead to prejudice on the part of the judge. Thus, the plaintiff presented the contract for the insurance. The terms were read as the first form of evidence. The judge went through the case and identified the terms of the insurance contract and identified that there was a legal relationship between the defendant and the plaintiff. However, the plaintiff presented the contract for the insurance and indicated that the defendant was responsible to indemnify the loss. The judge insisted that the plaintiff showed evidence that the theft was of the nature that made the defendant liable to pay the insurance claims. In other words, the plaintiff had to turn

Understanding and managing customers in the chocolate market Essay

Understanding and managing customers in the chocolate market - Essay Example The chocolate market is one of the successful market sectors in the world. It targets a wide range of customers from children up to senior citizens. However, entering in this kind of market without sufficient knowledge and experience will just incur losses.It is important to know how the different chocolate companies like Hershey, Cadbury, and Nestle were able to achieve success in the chocolate business. This paper discusses the current events that are happening around the chocolate sector in order to provide relevant information to potential clients entering the chocolate market.It also provides information on the current size and value as well as the trends and development in the chocolate industry. This paper tends to analyze the risks and opportunities in entering this kind of market sector.The cocoa into which chocolate is created was discovered in the Amazon 4000 years ago (2000 B.C.). The cocoa was part of the Mayan culture (6 AD to 600 AD) and symbolized as the "god's food." For the Aztecs (1200 AD), cocoa beans were used for currency. In the early decades of the 16th century, the process of making chocolate drink 'Chocolati' was learned. In the same period, Hernando Cortez established the first cocoa plantation in Mexico. The chocolate arrived in Spain in 1528 and became popular in Europe not until the 17th century. The first chocolate made by machine was produced in Spain. Several chocolate factories were established in the United States, France, Great Britain, Switzerland, and Germany during the late 18th century up to the early 19th century. Switzerland took over the lead in chocolate innovation as Swiss Daniel Peter discovered the milk chocolate in 1875. In the early 1900's the Swiss chocolate became famous around Europe while in the United States, the New York Cocoa Exchange was established for buyers and sellers of chocolates. In the Second World War, chocolates were used as supplements for the soldiers. The U.S. astronauts also included chocola tes, as part of their diets. (Chocolate Month Club) B. CURRENT SIZE AND VALUE United States and Europe Ryan Freund (2008) reports the global chocolate confectionary market had annual sales of 75 billion US Dollars in 2006. From the given figure, Europe contributed 35 billion US Dollars while the United States of America totalled for 16 billion US Dollars. They combine for a majority of the global chocolate market sales. Table 1 shows the average amount of chocolate the consumers spend per year. The United States has higher chocolate sales per capita of $53.16 compared to $48.08 chocolate sales per capita in Europe. Both spend at an average of $50 on chocolates every year. (Freund 2008) Table 1 Country/Region Chocolate Sales per Year Population1 Chocolate Sales per Capita United States $16 billion 301 million $53.16 Europe $35 billion 728 million $48.08 The British people are regarded as the biggest chocolate consumers in Europe consuming at an average of 10 kilos each person, every year. The British market is said to be around 4 billion Pounds. The two leading chocolate markets in United Kingdom are Cadbury and Nestle. (BBC News 2004) Table 2 shows the market value for chocolate confectionery in UK from 2004 to 2008. The chocolate market is sub-divided in to six (6) categories which are: "'boxed', 'moulded bars', 'Seasonal', 'Countlines', 'Straightlines' and 'other' Chocolate". (Business Insights 2008) Table 2 Germans and French are the next largest chocolate consumers in Europe eating annually at around 8.3 kilos and 5.8 kilos each respectively. (Food Production Daily 2005) Table 3 illustrates the value of chocolate confectionery sales in Germany from 2004 to 2008. Like in Table 1, the sales value is further divided into six (6) subcategories.2 Table 3 Asia In Asia, the Japanese eat at an annual average of 2.2 to 2.3 kilos each. In China, the Chinese are eating chocolates at an average of 1

Chicken Run Essay Example for Free

Chicken Run Essay The implications if a major customers had gone into is level, it will affect the company cash flow because every payment received the company may have to use it to cover its operating expenses apart from getting profit. Accumulated debtors will show the collection department performance. Low cash flow will affect many areas in an organization. The company may have to make another loan to run it business. Other than that it may have problem to run the business if the cash flow is low. For example, if the company unable to pay the suppliers on time. The supplier may stop to supply product to the company. If the suppliers really stop supplying product, the company may face problem to produce product. This will directly affect the company sales because its fail to produce product to its customers. If the company do not work hard to reduce this important area they may be looking at legal remedies, or even write off debts and that means spending money to get money. The other implication is that, the company will have a very unhealthy debtor’s aging. Where it is supposed to be a guidelines to the company. For example when a debtor reach it limit, the company should be alerted to chase payment based on the debtors aging. But in this case, Encik Selamat has been giving authority to the marketing department to continue supply products to Cold Gold Sdn Bhd because of the closed relationship. Indirectly, it shows that Encik Selamat does not performing his duty rationally. Which effect his image as a manager. He is supposed to show his leadership by having a very good judgement. For example to stop supply products to Cold Gold Sdn Bhd until they settle their debts. Refer to the case Chicken Run; i) How would you assess the financial health of the company? I would assess the financial health of the company based on the gross profit of the company. The higher the gross profit the healthier it is. Of course we have to consider the operating expenses of the company but operating expenses are still under the company control and discretion before we can get the net profit. Other than that, I would assess the financial health of the company by obtaining a history of your company’s financial statements. Five years’ worth is usually a good base. Next, convert the financial statements to common size. Common size financial statements are simply a company’s financials expressed in the form of percentages rather than dollars. A common size format readily identifies trends and growth patterns. Additionally, since industry benchmark data is often produced in this format, it makes it easier to compare the results with the competition. Industry benchmark information can be obtained from a commercial vendor, accountant, or depending upon the industry, from trade associations. Next, financial ratios are calculated. There are a number of ratios to choose from. Some of the more common measure liquidity, debt coverage, leverage, and operating and profit performance. Their relevance is dependent upon your company, its operating characteristics and the industry. Bankers and accountants can be especially useful in identifying the more pertinent ratios. The information gathered thus far is analyzed and compiled on a trended, composite and industry basis. The results of this analysis, when performed  regularly, help you to monitor and recognize the vital statistics necessary for the success and growth of your business. The benefits of this assessment include: Competitive Advantages Disadvantages An industry assessment enables you to identify your company’s strengths and weaknesses and acquire valuable information on the competition. Budgeting Forecasting Studying trends and growth patterns is a very effective preliminary step in preparing internal budgets and forecasts. Strategic Planning Recognizing specific performance measurements (company and industry) will help to set goals and objectives for the future (e.g., increasing sales, gross profit margins, and net income). Acquisition Opportunities Knowledge of key performance measurements assists in the evaluation of a proposed sale, merger or acquisition. Focus Greater awareness of the interrelationship of the financial statements and a complete understanding of financial operations allows you to focus on the areas important to the growth and success of your business. ii) What would you suggest as appropriate course of actions? As an appropriate course of actions, I would suggest the directors to refer the â€Å"Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance 2012† as a guidelines to take action against Encik Selamat which involves in unethical activities such as conflict of interest and lack of integrity. Other than that, the internal control of the company should be revised. For example the debtor collection procedures. It has to follow proper standard operating procedures such as when invoices issue to a customers, the payment terms must follow the credit period. Any payment overdue must be chase every month. If it reach the 120 days amount overdue, warning letter should be  issue to the debtors, then stop supplying product to the debtors until payment made. Besides that, Internal Audit must be done regularly. This is to audit the operation run based on the standard operating procedures. Any discrepancy found must be rectify immediately to avoid any unwanted issue to happen. For example, Ms Choy has discovered that the credit limit of Cold Gold Sdn Bhd, one of its major customers had gone into its level and yet the marketing department continued to supply products to the company. If the company do internal audit regularly, this issue may not happen because the internal auditor will detect the problem while it is still under early stage. Other than that, this will avoid Encik Selamat from making unethical activities due to his awareness from the internal auditor. Monthly meeting also can help in this case. Where, Encik Selamat required to report the company performance monthly. In this case, the company should have monthly credit meeting. The purpose of this meeting is to make sure all debtors are monitored closely. Any amount hanging in the debtors aging should have remarks or the status should have been identified. For example, if the debts is not paid within the 30 days period, it should state the reason why? At least we know that chasing of debts run actively by the collection department. If the debtors do not pay according to their credit period, the management at least can give suggestion and acknowledge about that issue.

Software Requirement Specifications Essay -- essays research papers

Software Requirements Specification 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Purpose This document is a definition of software requirements to develop an automated night class enrolment system and flexible query database required by St.John’s Central College. This document will present the functional, non-functional, and design constraint requirements for the system to be developed. Use case models and descriptions are included along with class diagrams to help model and specify the functional requirements and specifications of the system. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scope The software application that this SRS applies to a night class automated enrolment system and flexible query database required by St.John’s Central College. This document is to be used as basis for the analysis and design of the system and test cases for the system that is to be built. 1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations DES: Department of Education and Science   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SRS: Software Requirement Specification 1.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References [This subsection should provide a complete list of all documents referenced elsewhere in the SRS. Each document should be identified by title, report number (if applicable), date, and publishing organization. Specify the sources from which the references can be obtained. This information may be provided by reference to an appendix or to another document.] 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall Description 2.1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  User characteristics 2.1.1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Student- an individual filling out Enrolment Form with the purpose of becoming a night class student 2.1.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Administrator- a person closely interacting with the Night class enrolment system 2.1.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Director Of Adult Education – a person who creates DES returns report at the end of an academic year 2.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  User environment 2.2.1. The traditional system platform for the database is Apache server. I am using mySQL database and PHP scripting language 2.3. Assumptions and dependencies 2.3.1. It’s assumed that all the office staff of St.John’s Central College will get at least 2 hours training prior to the using of the database 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Specific Re... ... enforcement requirements or other usage restriction requirements that are to be exhibited by the software.] 3.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Legal, Copyright, and Other Notices [This section describes any necessary legal disclaimers, warranties, copyright notices, patent notice, wordmark, trademark, or logo compliance issues for the software.] 3.11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Applicable Standards [This section describes by reference any applicable standard and the specific sections of any such standards which apply to the system being described. For example, this could include legal, quality and regulatory standards, industry standards for usability, interoperability, internationalization, operating system compliance, etc.] 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supporting Information [The supporting information makes the SRS easier to use. It includes: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Table of contents †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Index †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Appendices These may include use-case storyboards or user-interface prototypes. When appendices are included, the SRS should explicitly state whether or not the appendices are to be considered part of the requirements.]

Developing Effective Communication in Health & Social Care

P3 – Explain factors that may influence communication and interpersonal interactions in Health & Social Care environments. Factors that may influence communication and interpersonal interactions in a Health & Social Care environment are things such as; Setting- this is the place that you are in. To be able to communicate with someone correctly, you will need to make sure that it has all of the right things. Noise level is important because if it is too noisy then you will not be able to hear the person speak and both of you will need to shout when your speaking instead of just talking normally.Lighting is also important in where you are, this is because if it too dark then the opposite person will not be able to see you and you will not be able to see them and good eye contact is needed (if possible) in order to communicate properly and if it is dark then this will be hard. Having enough space in a room is also important as you will not want it to be small as personal space is essential and being very close to someone you hardly know could be quite awkward and tense.You shouldn’t be too close to each other, however you shouldn’t be too far from each other either as it’ll be hard to hear and speak properly. Time- time means that you should not be in the room with the service user for too long; also you should not be in there for a small period of time either. You should spend a decent amount in the room with the service user, making sure that you have covered everything and haven’t missed out anything and also making sure that the service user has told you everything you need to know; in order to help them to resolve their problem(s).Also if you keep mentioning about the time that you have left to speak to the service user then they might get annoyed and feel that you are more worried about the time than about their problems. Also rushing the service user would mean that they’ll have to speak quicker and they will not be able to explain themselves properly. There are also barriers; these are things that occur while communicating with someone. The type of communication that you have with someone will be very different for example; a difficult communication may be something that is hard to solve/ something that will take long to solve.A complex communication is when there is man parts to the story and it may be very confusing and hard to understand. The last example I will use is a sensitive communicationmay occur when someone close to that person has passed away or when someone is ill etc. P4 – Explain strategies used in Health and Social Care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. Language needs/preferences could be a barrier for example; if someone is trying to talk to you but you can’t understand them as they are speaking to you in a different language.This would be a barrier because if you cannot communicate with this person eff ectively then they will not be able to explain their issue/problem or just to talk to you and you will not be able to communicate back and respond to them. Strategy – You could try and overcome this problem by getting another worker to come in and translate what they’re saying in your preferred language/method; in some cases the service user may bring a family member/friend who may be able to translate for you as well.Sensory impairment is when you may not be able to view, smell, sense or say things. Therefore, coming across someone like this may affect your communication with each other. Strategy – So you should ask the person that they have come along with (if possible) to help you or you should look at their personal details and notes in order to see what their preferred language/method of communication is. Disability is also another barrier to communication, this may affect the way you talk to them as they may have difficulty moving their arms, speaking or d oing anything.Strategy – Someone with a disability will also mean that you will have to pay full attention to what they are doing and you should insure that you follow the rules and regulations so that nothing bad happens. For example; someone with dementia will need full support as they forget things and may wonder off on their own or with a stranger without realising. Personality may affect the way you communicate with each other as the person may be very aggressive and loud so you will not be able to talk to them without them shouting or suddenly becoming annoyed.Strategy – When dealing with people, you should always check their notes beforehand; this is because you will then know what type of person you are dealing with and also you will then know how to deal with this person, how to approach him/her and how to speak to them. Self-esteem Is how confident someone is in themselves, this is an important thing when communicating with someone in Health and Social Care a s the level of self-esteem can affect how quickly they recover.Strategy – Raising their level of self-esteem by making them feel at ease will make it easier for  them to recover. Anxiety is when you feel nervous or anxious about something, this is a barrier because if the service user gets nervous then they won’t speak and this will be a problem because there will be silence and the problems that the service user has will not be resolved as they will not be speaking; making it hard for the person trying to help them. Strategy – The way that you could overcome this could be to try and make the person feel at ease so that they are not nervous.You could do this by saying ‘I am here to help' or ‘I know this is hard but I will try and help you get through it'. This may make the service user feel comfortable and make them feel that they are able to talk to you; as you are there to help them. Depression is something that people get when they are under str ess. This can be a barrier to communication as the person with Depression may not want to speak or they might be too upset to explain how they feel; even though they are in need of help.This can make their situation worse because they are not letting anyone help them; however this is not their fault. Strategy – Trying to help someone with depression can be very hard; depending how bad they are. Doing activities with someone who is suffering with depression may be one strategy as they will have their mind on something else, rather than their problems. Aggression can affect the communication between two people or a group etc. This is because the person trying to help the service user will/may likely find it hard to deal with and speak to someone who is very aggressive.The aggressive person could be very angry at what is going on in their life so they will take it out on the person who is trying to help them; they may not necessarily mean what they say or do but shouting and sho wing aggressive behaviour could be the way that they deal with everything. Strategy – A way to try and deal with an aggressive person is to not fight back. If you argue back with them thenthey will argue back and it will not make anything better and the reason they are there is to get help.The reason they could be aggressive is because of something that has happened so asking them questions could get it all out of them so that you are aware of their situation. Submissiveness is someone who will just agree and go along with whatever someone is saying to them. This is a barrier because they will not actually say what they feel and they will not disagree with anything that is being said so they may be agreeing to something that they might not even want.Strategy- A way to get past an aggressive person  is to not take anything they say personally as they are just saying horrible things because of the bad situation that they are in. You should also TALK back to them instead of ar guing. Assumptions are bad in Health and Social Care; this is because if you just assume what the person is saying then you aren’t exactly listening to them because you are already thinking of a way to respond to them; without knowing if it is what they are actually saying. This is bad because the service user will obviously not get the help and support that they need.Strategy – You can get past this by actually listening to the person you are talking to properly so that you don't just assume what they're going to say. By listening, you will hear what the person is saying and you will also be able to come up with a way to solve their problem/issue etc. Value & belief systems can affect the level of communication that you have with someone. The values and beliefs that someone has can have a huge effect on the relationship you have with the service user.For example; if a Christian councillor came across a gay service user who needed help with him and his husbands marriag e, and the councillor didn’t want to speak or associate themselves with this person as it doesn’t say anything about gay marriage in the bible then this would cause big problems as the service user will not get any help and the person in need of help may feel very angry and he might even feel quite upset as the councillor is discriminating against him & gay, lesbian and bisexual people and also being homophobic.Strategy – The easiest way to get over something like this is to get a new job because if you don't agree with gay marriage then this will defiantly affect you as you will may come across 2 gay people that want to get married and discriminating against them because you don't agree with gay marriage will cause problems. Jargon is a type of slang, if the service user speaks like this when seizing help then they may not be able to get the help that they require as the person trying to help then will not understand them; meaning that they will not know what t he problem is.However, overcoming this issue could be to ask someone to translate if possible or to use a method of communication that you both understand. Strategy – Ways to get past this issue would be things such as; translators, other workers to help you out, their family/friend could help you etc. Cultural variations are differences between you and someone else, for example if someone comes to you who are from Poland and you are from the UK then there will be many differences between the two of you.These differences should not affect you in a huge way as you should be able to use many methods of communication; preferably the one that they prefer. One difference between the both of you may be the language or preferred method of communication, this will cause problems when communicating as you may not be able to understand them and they may not understand you. Strategy – A few ways to overcome this may be things like translators, sign language, written, body languag e, oral etc.Use & abuse of power is a barrier is because when you are trying to solve or help a situation that someone is going through then you will both need to give ideas, not just one of you. If only one of you is talking then the other person may have ideas that they cannot share and this would be a barrier as both people need to speak in order to share ideas and solve problems that you both agree with. Strategy – You should make sure that you are both speaking; not just one of you.Making sure that you are both talking is important, to do this you will need to make sure that you are asking questions and not just constantly talking to them because they might switch off and look like they're listening when in fact they are just bored. Effects of alcohol/drugs can mean that someone is not in their right state of mind; this means that they will not necessarily be making sense and they might also not know what they are saying. The problem with this is that the service user wi ll not be getting any help because they will not be in the right state to be serious and to be willing to sort out their problems.Strategy – Someone who comes in to speak to you about their issues could have a drink problem or a drug addiction. Ways to deal with this is to send them to Rehab so that they can try and get back on track; instead of getting worse. Whether it is an alcoholic or adrug addict, you should always take their needs into action as they could be desperate to turn their lives around before its to late. Regular check ups and phone calls will be a good idea as you can then see how the person is getting on and if they are getting the help that they require. Developing effective communication in Health & Social Care Unit 1: Developing effective communication in Health & social care Task 1 intro:Communication is at the heart of any relationship, be it familial, business, romantic, or friendly. While there have been significant advances in how we understand body language and other forms of communication, verbal communication continues to be the most important aspect of our interaction with other people. It’s important to understand both the benefits and shortcomings of this most basic communication. One-to-one communication plays a very important part in almost everyone's life. This type of communication occurs most often in face-to-face conversations and in telephone speech skills.Conversation consists of talk about various matters of common interest to both of the people involved. Conversations, unlike many other types of communication are usually not planned or rehearsed beforehand. Group communication refers to the communication between a group of people and another group of people or within the group itself. A group is normally considered as a collect ion of people that number 3 or more. This type of communication is very helpful when you need to get across the same message to more than 1 person.For example if you are a manager who is announcing a change in hours for employees shifts, then you would gather everyone together. That way it is quicker and saves you time. Also it is helpful when you want to discuss something with your team mates or business. Group debates and discussions are very popular. Formal communication is the type of communication used for important topics, usually in the arenas of business, government, diplomatic matters, scientific matters, lectures by teachers, certain types of speeches at colleges, or in seminars.It is speech which is meant to impress and to give weight and authority to the person speaking and to the subject being spoken about. It is polite speech, and uses polite language, whether in verbal or written form. Examples would be the president's inaugural speech, letters between ambassadors or consuls, an address by a college president to the school, the presentation of a scientific paper or theory at a symposium or seminar. Even in written form, a letter of resignation from a post one hold.Formal communication assumes, usually, a vertical relationship between people in that situation. Someone is the person above, in authority, and someone is the person below, dependent to some extent on that person, in that situation. Informal communication is more on a peer level. It is everyday speech, the kind of speech where you don't have to worry too much about how you couch something, because you and the other person know each other well enough not to take things wrongly. It may be concerned with important matters, but it is not on an authoritative level.It may be two people who enjoy argumentation going at it about some specific topic, or friends planning an outing, or working together on a project and talking through what and how to do it. Forms of communication ‘Verbal' m eans ‘spoken'. So, verbal communication is the messages you send with words. It's what you actually say. Non-verbal communication is the messages you send with your body. Some people call it your body language. For example: Facial expressions – smiling, frowning, raising eyebrows, eye contact Gestures – waving your hand, pointing your finger, crossing your arms Posture – the way you stand or sit.Touch – being caring you would put you hand on ones shoulder to show you care. Silence – could be a sign of anger, upset, nervousness etc. Reflective listening – nodding your head to show you understand, eye contact. Non-verbal communication also includes the tone and pitch of your voice. So, verbal communication is the words. But non-verbal communication is how you say the words. Technological communication – Text messaging, E-mail, Msn, etc. Technological aids – People who are deaf blind use many different methods of communicati on.The method chosen will depend upon the amount of sight and hearing the individual has the cause of deaf blindness and how long the person has had a sensory impairment. – Braille is for someone unable to see text well enough to read it, braille can be used to label objects and give access to books. Objects designed especially for blind and deaf blind people may already be labeled in braille. – British sign language is a visual means of communicating using gestures, facial expression, and body language.Sign Language is used mainly by people who are Deaf or have hearing impairments. Within Britain the most common form of Sign Language is called British Sign Language. British Sign Language has its own grammatical structure and syntax, as a language it is not dependent nor is it strongly related to spoken English. British Sign Language is the preferred language of between 50,000 – 70,000 people within the UK. – Communication symbols could be anything from à ¢â‚¬Å"ladies toilets sign† to â€Å"road signs†. Here are some images of communication symbols.

Iron and Silk: Mark Salzman`s Cultural Learning in China Essay

Iron and Silk is an autobiographical book by Mark Salzman, where he describes his two-year experience of living and working in China. During the period from 1982 to 1984 Salzman worked as an English language teacher at Hunan Medical College in Changsha and this experience became the basis for his novel. The main character of the novel is fond of Chinese lifestyle and culture. After graduating from the Chinese language department of Yale University he decides to leave for China in order to improve his language skills and get acquainted with Oriental life and culture. Spending much time leaning Chinese language and culture and traditions of this country Mark is sure that he is familiar with this country but reality comes to be quite different from his expectations. The book is a perfect insight into the life of China and its people and this experience is so valuable because we get the perspective of this life from the foreigner, a European man who gets into different world and has to find his ways there. Mark is fond of martial arts and calligraphy and this opens a lot of doors for him. He meets a lot of interesting people and they teach him their culture, traditions and way of thinking. When coming to China, Mark is aware about his future role as an English language teacher but he is not ready to find himself in the role of the pupil again. Luckily, he is optimistic and open to new experience and quickly adapts to his new role. He learns new things and uses every opportunity to broaden his outlook. Every person we meet in our life path can become our teacher if we are attentive to the lessons of the destine and Mark follows this principle and learns everywhere and from every person he meets. His students teach him rules of educational system adopted in China. Their shyness and politeness becomes a great surprise for Mark, who got used to Western freedom and liberalism in education. This is one of the aspects of striking differences between Eastern and Western cultures. Right after arrival Saltzman is stuck with poor conditions of life in the area where he arrives. Poverty, bureaucracy and bad conditions of life make Europeans think about the situation in Europe in the Middle Ages. Communist regime and political system of China becomes a great surprise for Mark, who grew up in a democratic country. The way Chinese people perceive Second World War is also very interesting and it will be very interesting for Western readers. The first thing he learns is dealing with closed system and government control, which exists in China. And despite Changsha has a reputation of place, â€Å"there is nothing to do, nothing to buy, the people have no manners, the food is terrible and their dialect sounds awful†, people find positive moments and enjoy their life. Another surprise comes to be much more pleasant (Salzman, 15). People in China show much politeness and respect to strangers. Attitude to children becomes another great surprise for Salzman. Polite and full of respect to strangers, Chinese people are very strict and demanding to their children. It takes time for Salzman to get used to such an attitude but his new friends explain him that such a treatment is usual and even more, â€Å"that is the Chinese way. † ( Saltzman) Saltzman uses this peculiarity of national character in order to get new experience and penetrate deeper into Chinese culture. He knows two popular Chinese dialects – Mandarin and Cantonese and this even increases respect to him. Salzman uses every opportunity to learn something new and destiny helps him to meet a lot of teachers, or masters on his way. He is lucky to get lessons of Wushu, or martial art, from one of the most popular kung fu masters of the modern time. Mark has learned martial art for nine years before he got to China but only there he uncoveres the true essence of this notion. Under the guidance of Teacher Pan he discovers that learning martial arts can be a kind of spiritual search and way to discover true inner self. â€Å"Do every move as if it were your last,† teaches him Master Pan and with these words expresses not only the essence of Wushu but the very essence of Oriental philosophy. (Salzman, 85) Little episodes and events, which happen to the author, show the readers how ordinary things can have deep meaning and influence the entire life if the person is open to new possibilities and new experiences. That is exactly what happens with Mark, for whom every meeting and every conversation becomes the sources of new information and useful lessons. He learns even from fishermen, who quickly recognize him as their friend and ask him to stay and fish with them. Learning Chinese calligraphy becomes another new experience, which opens new perspective for the author. Very soon he finds out that Chinese people have completely different attitude to writing that Westerners do. These people can turn everything into mastery, and calligraphy for them is much more than a way to put down words into paper. Salzman finds out that calligraphy is an art, where one hieroglyph can mean more than hundred words. It takes him some time to understand the words of his teacher, who told him that â€Å"No matter what the quality of brush or paper one should always treat them as if they were priceless. † (Salzman, 156) The art to enjoy every moment of life and ability to dedicate yourself to the thing you are doing at the moment is the main message his calligraphy teacher wants to pass to his European student. Written with great sense of humor, Silk and Iron is a very personal account of life of a Western person in strange surrounding. The book gives a glimpse of Chinese politics, culture, history, way of life and philosophy. The book can be interesting for people interested in marital arts, Oriental philosophy and Chinese culture. Sources Salzman, Mark. Iron and Silk, Vintage, 1987.

The eNotes Blog 10 Black Authors You Need to Read RightNow

10 Black Authors You Need to Read RightNow Black History Month is an annual celebration of African American achievements and contributions to US history, arts, culture, and literature. Authors like Frederick Douglass and Maya Angelou helped pave the way for many black voices and inspired numerous individuals to contribute to the cultural narrative. While we remember all black authors who have left their legacy on the pages of our nation, it is the contemporary authors were extra excited to watch, for they are the new voices of a generation demanding social, political, and ethical reform. We’ve come up with a list of ten black authors that picked up the pen to continue to shape the narrative while offering a fresh, insightful perspective on the current climate of our contemporary culture. Photo via Brittle Paper   1. Yaa Gyasi †¨ As a shy child of an immigrant family, Gyasi often turned to books as her source of companionship while growing up in Huntsville, Alabama. She earned a BA in English at Stanford University and later went on to receive an MFA from the prestigious Iowa Writers’ Workshop at the University of Iowa. It was during her time in Iowa that Gyasi dove into crafting her debut novel, Homegoing, an emotionally powerful work of historical fiction inspired by the author’s visit to her home country of Ghana in 2009. The highly acclaimed novel has dominated best-seller charts, won numerous honors, and has been praised by esteemed authors all around the world.  Gyasi  worked on her book for seven years, examining the history of slavery in both Ghana and the United States to establish an understanding of where modern-day racial tensions have been derived from. Gyasi credits her writing to many conversations she has had with herself, involving personal identity and its relation to her h eritage. While Gyasi is still relishing the success of her first novel, she has hinted at the start of a second book. As readers anxiously await her future works, it is safe to say that this is only the beginning for Yaa Gyasi. Photo via The Pool 2. Zadie Smith British novelist, short-story writer, and essayist Zadie Smith became a sensation in the literary world with her debut novel, White Teeth, back in 2000 when she was only twenty-four years old. The book won numerous awards for its portrayal of a contemporary, multicultural London told through the eyes of three ethnically diverse families. Smith initially attracted attention from the publishing world while she was producing short stories and essays while earning an English degree at Cambridge University in the late nineties. As a university student, she was offered a six-figure advance for her first two books. A generous advance for such a young, unknown writer created much controversy, ultimately putting her name in the media before her book was even published. Smith went on to publish four more novels:  The Autograph Man (2002), On Beauty (2005), NW (2012), and Swing Time (2016). As an innovative young writer and a woman of mixed race, Smith has become a symbol of a new multiethnic strain of British writing, exploring the blurred lines among ethnic boundaries in contemporary urban life. Photo via The New York Times 3.   Ta-Nehisi Coates National correspondent for The Atlantic, Ta-Nehisi Coates is a writer often criticized for his exploration and opinion on modern cultural, social, and political issues. The Beautiful Struggle: A Father, Two Sons, and an Unlikely Road to Manhood (2008) was Coates’s debut coming-of-age memoir that recounts his experience growing up in a violent West Baltimore. His second book and winner of the National Book Award, Between the World and Me (2015), found a comfortable place on various bestseller lists due to its relevance in a time of frequent, prominent racial incidents in the United States. While attending Howard University in the mid-nineties, Coates became friends with a student named Prince Jones, who was shot to death in 2000 by an undercover police officer. Jones’s death became a symbol of police brutality, presumed racial profiling, and the faded promise of the black-led government of a majority-black country. This event was one of many that influenced Coates in developing narratives that voiced concerns for future generations about the modern black experience in this country. Perhaps the most captivating aspect about Coates’s writing is his ability to combine his personal anecdotes into a historical analysis revealing the lack of progress we’ve made in regards to race relations in the United States. Coates continues to write about the nation’s most contested issues, especially in the current political climate. Above all he is an advocate for change, using his platform to illuminate domestic issues that have been overlooked and ignored for centuries. Photo via The MacArthur Foundation 4. Jesmyn Ward The first woman to win two National Book Awards for fiction, Jesmyn Ward should be on all bookworm radars. Her literary debut was back in 2006 with her first novel, Where the Line Bleeds, but it wasn’t until 2011 when she really got her big break with her award-winning novel  Salvage the Bones. This past year, Ward added a second National Book Award to her resume with her highly applauded novel Sing, Unburied, Sing, which shares the fictional experience of a black family living in a rural Gulf Coast town. Her other published novels include Men We Reaped (2013) and The Fire This Time (2016). Ward’s writing often parallels her own experiences of growing up on food stamps in rural Mississippi while being the only black girl in a private school, paid for by her mother’s employer. Her writing pays homage to the culture of her hometown, exploring what it means to be poor and black in the deep South. Her lyrical storytelling entwines her carefully crafted characters into a universal narrative of systemic racism and the black experience in the United States. Currently an associate English professor at Tulane University, Ward continues to write with hopes of publishing two more novels within the next year. Photo via The Wall Street Journal 5. Paul Beatty The first American writer to be awarded the 2016 Man Booker Award for his novel The Sellout (2015), Paul Beatty is a poet and novelist that often uses humor to juxtapose the unpleasant realities of being black in the United States. In the late nineties, Beatty was crowned the first ever Grand Poetry Slam Champion of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe, to which he was awarded a book deal that resulted in his first volume of poetry, Big Bank Take Little Bank (1991). This was followed by another book of poetry  Joker, Joker, Deuce (1994) and then his first novel, The White Boy Shuffle (1996). Beatty went on to release three more books- Tuff (2000), Slumberland (2008), and The Sellout (2015)- and also edited Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor (2006). Beatty is a thoughtful, dynamic writer aiming to make his readers laugh while confronting uncomfortable, yet undeniable, truths. While The Sellout continues to remain one of the most talked about books of the 21st century, it does not mark the pinnacle of Beatty’s literary career. The author currently teaches writing at Columbia University and is expected to publish a few more works within the upcoming year. Photo via Konbini 6. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Chances are you’ve heard Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s voice before- her 2012 Ted Talk â€Å"We Should All Be Feminists† practically broke the internet with over four-million views and was sampled in Beyonce’s 2013 hit â€Å"Flawless.† Shes undeniably become a defining voice on race and gender in contemporary culture. At nineteen, Adichie abandoned the societal and familial expectations of a medical career and moved to the United States to pursue her dreams of becoming a writer. By the time she was twenty-one, Adichie had already published a collection of poetry, Decisions (1997), and a play, For Love of Biafra (1998). Since the beginning of her literary career, Adichie has explored themes of religion, politics, and love while intertwining a history lesson of the problems that have plagued her home country for centuries. Thus far, Adichie has also published three novels: Purple Hibiscus (2003), Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), and Americanah (2013). She often uses female protagonists to explore what it means to be a woman, preserving her culture in the United States. Her books appear on thousands of required reading lists nationwide; therefore, it’s safe to say that Adichie is becoming a household name. Photo via Princeton University 7. Colson Whitehead New York native Colson Whitehead is a writer difficult to place in one single category. Over the past eighteen years, his work has spanned across a variety of genres, including speculative fiction, magical realism, and even an apocalyptic-zombie novel. It was Whitehead’s debut novel, The Intuitionist (1999), that earned him a spot on so many readers’ watch lists. He went on to publish five more novels, all of which earned various congratulatory honors and awards. Arguably his most notable work, The Underground Railroad (2016), an allegorical history novel that explores the progress of black rhetoric in the United States, won the 2016 National Book Award for Fiction and the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. What makes Whitehead such a compelling author is the diversity of his work. He is able to produce a range of quality works that influence an expansive readership. His arsenal of literary works also encompasses short stories, essays, and works of nonfiction, all examples of the multiplicity of his craft. So what’s next for Colson Whitehead? While he continues to publish various essays and content online, rumor has it that Barry Jenkins, director of the Oscar-winning film Moonlight, is teaming up with the author in hopes of producing The Underground Railroad into a drama for Amazon. Photo via Rolling Stone 8. Roxane Gay The â€Å"Bad Feminist† herself, Roxane Gay is best known for her essays and cultural criticism that explore the intersectionality of sexuality, power, gender, and identity. Many consider Gay an â€Å"overnight sensation,† but that’s not necessarily the case. Gay published a short-story collection Ayiti (2011), then two books in 2014: the novel An Untamed State and the essay collection Bad Feminist (2014). It was Bad Feminist that made a splash on the national stage and what many credit as Gay’s rise to fame. This past year, Gay published Difficult Women (2017) and a memoir titled Hunger (2017). Her writing is unapologetic, relatable, and vulnerable, which is why so many young women are drawn to her work. She breaks the barriers between a traditional reader-author relationship to craft a tone that sounds like a longtime friend. During this cultural movement of truth, it’s the honesty of Gay’s work that reassures readers that they are not in this fight alone. Gay is currently an associate professor of English at Purdue University, a  contributing writer at The New York Times, the founder of Tiny Hardcore Press, and the editor of various online publications.  Her next book, How To Be Heard, was scheduled to be released in 2018, but after pulling her book from Simon Schuster  due to their (now terminated) book deal with Milo Yiannopoulos, we’ll have to wait and see. One thing we know for sure is that Roxane Gay has a lot more to say- and we are all ears. Photo via Mass Appeal 9. Marlon James Coming to America with $200 in cash and the promise of a one-year teaching position, Marlon James left everything he knew in Jamaica for a new beginning in Minnesota. The author of three novels- John Crows Devil (2005), The Book of Night Women (2009), and A Brief History of Seven Killings (2014)- it took a while for James to obtain the recognition he deserved upon his induction into the literary world. His first novel, John Crow’s Devil, was rejected nearly 80 times before being accepted for publication. James contemplated giving up writing after the flop of his first novel, but it was the unexpected success of his third novel that is credited with his rise to fame. A Brief History of Seven Killings, which tells a fictional history of the attempted murder of Bob Marley in 1976, made Marlon James the first Jamaican writer to in the Man Booker Prize of 2015. The novel ignited some controversy over the picture it painted of Jamaica, yet HBO is said to be creating a series based on the highly acclaimed novel. In many ways, James is a symbol of hope for all the aspiring writers navigating the waters of their voices and the stories they want to share with the world. He has also brought a new wave of recognition to the diversity amongst Caribbean writers that have traditionally only been looked at in the realms of poetry. The author has indicated that his next project will be a fantasy series titled Black Leopard, Red Wolf that he compares to an  Ã¢â‚¬Å"African Game of Thrones. Photo via Oprah.com 10. Toni Morrison One of the greatest literary minds of our time, there is no denying that Toni Morrison is a legendary figure of American literature. She is the first African American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in recognition of her achievements as a novelist and outstanding talent as a writer. Thus far in her career, Morrison has been awarded countless honors, published ten novels, a play, and various works of nonfiction. Though she published her first two novels, The Bluest Eyes (1970) and Sula (1973), in the early seventies, it was her third novel, Song of Solomon  (1977), that set her literary career ablaze. Song of Solomon became the first work by an African-American author to be a featured selection in the Book of the Month club since Native Son by Richard Wright. However, it is Beloved (1987) that was the winner of the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and has been praised as Morrison’s greatest literary masterpiece. The story is a haunting and heartbreaking exploration of slavery and immediately became a huge commercial success. Morrison is a gifted storyteller, and her ability to capture the ethos of the racial dichotomy in the United States is truly remarkable. She gracefully illustrates her narratives through the different lenses of her characters, exploring the complexities of their individual experience and how they contribute to a universal theme. The impact of Morrison’s work is innumerable and should never be confined solely to progress for black authors or black women. Her influence expands beyond racial, class, and cultural boundaries to motivate social change for the sake of future generations and their experiences.   We celebrate all black authors, past and present, that have captured the voice of our nation. Their honesty and courage continue to inspire others to share their stories, embrace diversity, and promote conversations that are necessary for change. Do you want to learn more about these authors and their other literary works? Check out  Ã‚  to find detailed biographies of your favorite authors alongside full summaries and study guides!

Project Management Professional Practice Test

Project Management Professional Practice Test The  Project Management Institute  is a global project management organization. The group offers Project Management Professional  certification  that shows competency in a variety of project management and other business-related areas. The PMP certification process includes an exam based on the groups  Project Management Body of Knowledge  guide. Below are sample questions and answers that you might find on the PMP exam. Questions The following 20 questions are from  Whiz Labs, which provides information and sample tests for a fee for the PMP and other examinations. Question 1 Which of the following is a tool used to secure expert judgment? B.. Delphi techniqueC. Expected value techniqueD.  Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Question 2 Based on the information provided below, which project would you recommend pursuing? Project I, with BCR (Benefit Cost ratio) of 1:1.6;Project II, with NPV of US $ 500,000;Project III, with IRR (Internal rate of return) of 15%Project IV, with opportunity cost of US $ 500,000. A. Project IB. Project IIIC. Either project II or IVD. Can not say from the data provided Question 3 What should be done by the project manager to ensure that all work in the project is included? A. Create a contingency planB. Create a risk management planC. Create a WBSD. Create a scope statement Question 4 What kind of a relationship is implied when completion of a successor is dependent on initiation of its predecessor? Choices:A. FSB. FFC. SSD. SF Question 5 What should a project manager do or follow to ensure clear boundaries for project completion? A. Scope verificationB. Complete a scope statementC. Scope definitionD. Risk management plan Question 6 An organization is certified to a stringent environmental standard and uses that as the key differentiator with its competitors. Alternative identification during scope planning for a particular project has thrown up an expeditious approach to achieve a project need, but this involves a risk of environmental contamination. The team evaluates that the likelihood of the risk is very low. What should the project team do? A. Drop the alternative approachB. Work out a mitigation planC. Procure an insurance against the riskD. Plan all precautions to avoid the risk Question 7 The following three tasks  form  the entire critical path of the project network. The three estimates of each of these tasks are tabulated below. How long would the project take to complete expressed with an accuracy of one standard deviation? Task  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Optimistic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most likely  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PessimisticA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  47B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  22  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  35C  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  32 A. 75.5B. 75.5 /- 7.09C. 75.5 /- 8.5D. 75.5 /- 2.83 Question 8 After a study of the work processes on a project, a quality audit team reports to the project manager that irrelevant quality standards were being used by the project, which might lead to rework. What was the objective of the project manager in initiating this study? A. Quality controlB. Quality planningC. Checking adherence to processesD. Quality assurance Question 9 Which of the following provides the foundation for team development? A. MotivationB. Organizational developmentC. Conflict ManagementD. Individual Development Question 10 Which of the following is NOT an input to project plan execution? A. Work authorization systemB. Project planC. Corrective actionD. Preventive action Question 11 A project manager would find team development the most difficult in which form of organization? A. Weak Matrix organizationB. Balanced Matrix organizationC. Projectized organizationD. Tight Matrix organization Question 12 The project manager of a large multi-location software project team has 24 members, out of which 5 are assigned to testing. Due to recent recommendations by an organizational quality audit team, the project manager is convinced to add a quality professional to lead the test team at additional cost, to the project. The project manager is aware of the importance of communication, for the success of the project and takes this step of introducing additional communication channels, making it more complex, in order to assure quality levels of the project. How many additional communication channels are introduced as a result of this organizational change in the project? A. 25B. 24C. 1D. 5 Question 13 Once the project is complete, the complete set of project records should be put in which of the following? A. Project ArchivesB. DatabaseC. Storage roomD. Project Report Question 14 Which of the following is a common format for performance reporting? A. Pareto DiagramsB. Bar chartsC. Responsibility Assignment MatricesD. Control Charts Question 15 If the cost variance is positive and the schedule variance is also positive, this indicates the: A. Project is  under  budget and behind scheduleB. Project is over budget and behind scheduleC. Project is under budget and ahead of scheduleD. Project is over budget and ahead of schedule Question 16 During execution of a project, an identified risk event occurs that results in additional cost and time. The project had provisions for contingency and management reserves. How should these be accounted for? A. Contingency reservesB. Residual risksC. Management reservesD. Secondary risks Question 17 Which one of the following is the last step of project closing? A. Client has accepted the productB. Archives are completeC. Client appreciates your productD. Lessons  learned are documented Question 18 Who should be involved in the creation of lessons learned, at the  closure  of a project? A. StakeholdersB. Project teamC. Management of the performing organizationD. Project office Question 19 An organization has recently started outsourcing work to a low cost, high value, engineering center located in a different country. Which of the following should the project manager provide for the team as a proactive measure? A. A training course on the laws of the countryB. A course on linguistic differencesC. An exposure to the cultural differencesD.A communication management plan Question 20 While reviewing the progress, the project manager assesses that an activity has been missed out from the implementation plan. A milestone, scheduled to be achieved within another week, would be missed with the current implementation plan. Which of the following is the next best action for the project manager in this situation? A. Report the error and the expected delayB. Omit the status update on the milestoneC. Report the error and the planned recovery actionsD. Assess alternatives to meet the milestone Answers The answers to the PMP sample questions are from  Scribd, a fee-based information website. Answer 1 B - Explanation: The Delphi technique is a commonly used tool to secure expert judgment while initiating a project. Answer 2 B - Explanation: Project III has an IRR of 15 percent, which means the revenues from the project equal the cost expended at an interest rate of 15 percent. This is a definitive and a favorable parameter, and hence can be recommended for selection. Answer 3 C - Explanation: A WBS is a deliverable-oriented grouping of project components that organizes and defines the total scope of the project. Answer 4 D - Explanation: A start-to-finish (SF) relationship between two activities implies that the completion of a  successor is dependent on the initiation of its predecessor. Answer 5 B - Explanation: The project team must complete a scope statement for developing a common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders. This lists project deliverables summary level sub-products, whose full and satisfactory delivery marks the completion of the project. Answer 6 A - Explanation:  The organization’s reputation being at stake, the threshold for such a risk would be very low Answer 7 B - Explanation: The critical path is the longest duration path through a network and determines the shortest time to complete the project. The PERT estimates of the tasks listed are 27, 22.5 26. Therefore, the length of the critical path of the project is 2722.526 75.5. Answer 8 D - Explanation:  Determining the  validity of quality standards, followed by the project is a quality assurance activity. Answer 9 D - Explanation: Individual development (managerial and technical) is the foundation of a team. Answer 10 A - Explanation: A Project plan is the basis of project plan execution and is a primary input. Answer 11 A - Explanation: In a functional organization, the project team members have dual reporting to two bosses the project manager and the functional manager. In a weak matrix organization, the power rests with the functional manager. Answer 12 A - Explanation: Number of communication channels with â€Å"n† members n*(n-1)/2. Originally the project has 25 members (including the project manager), which makes the total communication channels as 25*24/2 300. With the addition of the quality professional as a member of the project team, the communication channels increase to 26*25/2 325. Therefore, the additional channels as a result of the change, that is, 325-300 25. Answer 13 A - Explanation: Project records should be prepared for archiving by the appropriate parties. Answer 14 B - Explanation: Common formats for Performance Reports are, bar charts (also called Gantt Charts), S-curves, histograms, and tables. Answer 15 C -  Explanation: Positive Schedule Variance means the project is ahead of schedule; Negative Cost Variance means the project is over-budget. Answer 16 A - Explanation: The question is about correct accounting for risk events that occur and updating the reserves. Reserves are meant for making provisions in cost and schedule, to accommodate for consequences of risk events. Risk events are classified as unknown unknowns or known unknown, where â€Å"unknown unknowns† are risks that were are not identified and accounted for, while known unknowns are risks that were identified and provisions were made for them. Answer 17 B - Explanation: Archiving is the last step in the project closing. Answer 18 A - Explanation: Stakeholders include everyone who is actively involved in the project or whose interests may be affected as a result of the project execution or completion. The project team creates the lessons learned on the project.   Answer 19 C - Explanation: Understanding cultural differences is the first step towards an effective communication amongst the project team involving outsourced work from a different country. So, what is needed in this case is an exposure to the cultural differences, which is being mentioned as choice C. Answer 20 D - Explanation: Choice D, that is, assess alternatives to meet the milestone indicates confronting the issue with an attempt to resolve the issue. Hence this would be the best approach.

INTERNATIONAL HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

INTERNATIONAL HRM - Essay Example Based on Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimensions, the UK and Canadian culture are that of small power distance and with weak uncertainty avoidance, which is completely opposite to Turkish culture with large power distance and strong uncertainty avoidance. The UK and Canadian cultures are highly practical, and exhibit risk-taking behaviours Turkish people try to avoid uncertainties and risky actions. Turkish culture wishes to involve others to arrive at consensus unlike UK and Canada. On Hofstede’s (1980) individualism/collectivism scale, Canada and UK have small power distance and individualistic nature, whereas Turkey has large power distance and is collectivistic in nature. Therefore, UK and Canada are more participative in nature; have less hierarchical dependency; highly democratic and provides equal rights to all individuals. Turkish culture is highly autocratic and follows hierarchically defined roles and responsibilities. Individualistic nations such as UK and Cana da expect every individual to be accountable for self, whereas collectivistic Turkey regards any task or activity to be a collective responsibility. Turkish people are emotionally dependent on each other and morally committed to the organisation, unlike individualistic cultures. In Turkey, rules, policies, duty and security are more important than innovation, autonomy, pleasure or individual financial security like in UK and Canada. Values differ according to the groups in collectivistic cultures whereas individualistic cultures follow universal values for all. Canada and UK fall under weak uncertainty avoidance and masculine nature whereas Turkey has strong uncertainty avoidance and feminine characteristics. In Canada and UK, money is regarded as very important whereas Turkish culture regards people and environment as important. Setting up operations in Ankara,